HyperText Markup Language
HTML
HTML stands for
Hypertext Markup Language, and it is the most widely used language to write Web
Pages
. ·
Hypertext refers to the way in which Web pages (HTML documents) are linked together. Thus, the link available on a webpage is called Hypertext.
· As its name suggests, HTML is a
Markup Language which means you use HTML to simply "mark-up" a text
document with tags that tell a Web browser how to structure it to display.
HTML
Tags
As told earlier, HTML is a markup
language and makes use of various tags to format the content. These tags are
enclosed within angle braces . Except few tags, most of the tags have their
corresponding closing tags.
|
TAGS |
DESCRIPTION |
|
<!doctype html> |
This tag define the document type
of html |
|
<html> |
This tag encloses the complete HTML document and mainly comprises of document header which is represented by and document body which is represented by <html> tags. |
|
<head> |
This tag represents the document's header which can keep other HTML
tags like <title> , <link>
etc |
|
<title>
|
The <title> tag is used inside the tag to mention the document
title. |
|
<body> |
This tag represents the document’s
body which keeps other HTML tags like <h1> etc |
|
<h1> |
This tag represents the heading. |
To
learn HTML, you will need to study various tags and understand how they behave,
while formatting a textual document. Learning HTML is simple as users have to
learn the usage of different tags in order to format the text or images to make
a beautiful webpage.
The
<!DOCTYPE…> Declaration
This declaration tag is used by the
web browser to understand the version of the HTML used in the document. Current
version of HTML is 5 and it makes use of the following declaration: There are
many other declaration types which can be used in HTML document depending on
what version of HTML is being used. We will see more details on this while
discussing tag along with other HTML tags.
HTML-BASIC TAGS
Any document starts with a heading.
You can use different sizes for your headings. HTML also has six levels of
headings, which use the elements
<h1>,<h2>,<h3>,<h4>,<h5> and <h6>. While
displaying any heading, browser adds one line before and one line after that
heading
Paragraph
Tag
The
<p> tag offers a way to structure your text into different paragraphs.
Each paragraph of text should go in between an opening <p> and a closing
</p> tag
Horizontal Lines
Horizontal
lines are used to visually break-up sections of a document. The <hr> tag
creates a line from the current position in the document to the right margin
and breaks the line accordingly.
Again
<hr> tag is an example of the empty element, where you do not need
opening and closing tags, as there is nothing to go in between them.
The <hr> element has a space between the
characters hr and the forward slash. If you omit this space, older browsers
will have trouble rendering the horizontal line, while if you miss the forward
slash character and just us <hr> it is not valid in XHTML
HTML-ELEMENTS
An HTML element is a type of HTML document component, one of
several types of HTML nodes. HTML document is composed of a tree of simple HTML
nodes, such as text nodes, and HTML elements, which add semantics and
formatting to parts of document. Each element can have HTML attributes
specified.
HTML documents consists of a tree of
these elements and they specify how HTML documents should be built, and what
kind of content should be placed in what part of an HTML document.
HTML attributes are
special words used inside the opening tag to control the element's behaviour.
HTML attributes are a modifier of an HTML element type or HTML attributes are
a modifier of an HTML element type. An attribute either
modifies the default functionality of an element type or
provides functionality to certain element types unable to
function correctly without them.
·
The name is the property you want to set. For example, the
paragraph <p> element in the example carries an
attribute whose name is align, which you can use to indicate the alignment of
paragraph on the page.
HTML TEXT FORMATTING
If you use a word processor, you must
be familiar with the ability to make text bold, italicized, or underlined;
these are just three of the ten options available to indicate how text can
appear in HTML and XHTML.
HTML META TAGS
HTML lets you specify metadata -
additional important information about a document in a variety of ways. The
META elements can be used to include name/value pairs describing properties of
the HTML document, such as author, expiry date, a list of keywords, document
author etc. The tag is used to provide such additional information. This tag is
an empty element and so does not have a closing tag but it carries information
within its attributes. You can include one or more meta tags in your document
based on what information you want to keep in your document but in general,
meta tags do not impact physical appearance of the document so from appearance
point of view, it does not matter if you include them or not.
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